![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/6284884.jpg?408)
Energy Pyramid: An energy pyramid models the flow of energy in a community. The different levels represent the different groups of organisms that might compose a food chain.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/288439.png?326)
Biomass Pyramid: A graphical representation that shows the biomass productivity in each trophic level in the given ecosystem.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/334723.jpg?365)
Number Pyramid: A graphical representation in the form of a pyramid showing the feeding relationship and the number of organisms at each trophic level.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/4035285.gif)
Succession: The progressive replacement of one dominant type of species or community by another in an ecosystem until a stable climax community is established.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/2502743.jpg?411)
Primary: The glaciers warmed and melted, it left behind land that was lifeless and rocky. It took the pioneer plans like lichen an extended amount of time to start growing back onto the rocks. The rocks were eventually broken down by lichens mixed with decaying lichens and formed the first soil. The wind contributed to blowing dust which caused cracks in the rocks where moss and small plants started to grow. Moss and lichens are similar because they both absorb moisture in the air. Th more moss, the more soil forms. Decaying moss mixes with rock chips and dust to form more soil. This causes the grass to grow within the area. As the amount of soil increases, so does the population of plants that grow there do too.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/3107622.jpg)
Secondary: When a natural disaster occurs like a forest fire or hurricane, it reduces the already established ecosystem. The soil remains and then the succession follows. This occurs faster than primary succession because the soil is already present. Mudslides or fires are more common to occur within the tundra for this happen.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/980077.jpg)
Human Impact:
Over hunting: Sailors over hunt musk oxen to use for food and clothing.
Global warming: Melting glaciers and permafrost flood areas and destroys plant species.
Oil drilling: The tundra contains many natural resources such as oil and nickel. Pollution from mines and rigs ruins the fragile ecosystem.
Over development: Many people are moving into the tundra to work in the mines and oil industry. Therefor, towns and roads are being developed to aid in the increasing population. This interrupts many of the animals migration and feeding patterns.
Pollution: Air pollution reduces the ozone layer and exposes tundra to harmful ultraviolet rays, which affect plant and animals life negatively.
Over hunting: Sailors over hunt musk oxen to use for food and clothing.
Global warming: Melting glaciers and permafrost flood areas and destroys plant species.
Oil drilling: The tundra contains many natural resources such as oil and nickel. Pollution from mines and rigs ruins the fragile ecosystem.
Over development: Many people are moving into the tundra to work in the mines and oil industry. Therefor, towns and roads are being developed to aid in the increasing population. This interrupts many of the animals migration and feeding patterns.
Pollution: Air pollution reduces the ozone layer and exposes tundra to harmful ultraviolet rays, which affect plant and animals life negatively.
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/6820878.jpg?292)
The Water Cycle
![Picture](/uploads/2/9/0/0/29008875/9297008.jpg)
Predictions for the future:
Climate change in the Arctic is a growing concern for natural resource conservation management as a result of accelerated warming and associated shifts in the distribution and abundance of northern species. Scientists predict that the new species will adapt to the changing climate and undergo natural selection. The evidence will appear in fossils and genetic signatures of demographic shifts. Hot spots for tundra diversity could also be a potential in the near future. With global warming, the fall freeze come later and more of the permafrost is melting in the southern arctic. Shrubs and spruce that previously couldn't take root on the permafrost now dot the landscape, potentially altering the habitat of the native animals. Scientists also predict that melting permafrost might be contributing to global warming. Scientists suggest that there is an estimate of about 14% of Earth's carbon that is tied up in the permafrost. Today, though, the permafrost melt and dead plant material decomposes and releases CO2, the tundra has flipped from a carbon sink to a carbon contributor.
Climate change in the Arctic is a growing concern for natural resource conservation management as a result of accelerated warming and associated shifts in the distribution and abundance of northern species. Scientists predict that the new species will adapt to the changing climate and undergo natural selection. The evidence will appear in fossils and genetic signatures of demographic shifts. Hot spots for tundra diversity could also be a potential in the near future. With global warming, the fall freeze come later and more of the permafrost is melting in the southern arctic. Shrubs and spruce that previously couldn't take root on the permafrost now dot the landscape, potentially altering the habitat of the native animals. Scientists also predict that melting permafrost might be contributing to global warming. Scientists suggest that there is an estimate of about 14% of Earth's carbon that is tied up in the permafrost. Today, though, the permafrost melt and dead plant material decomposes and releases CO2, the tundra has flipped from a carbon sink to a carbon contributor.
Check out these links for more information on the tundra biome!